Superhuman神经网络代理如alphazero是什么?这个问题是科学和实际的兴趣。如果强神经网络的陈述与人类概念没有相似之处,我们理解他们的决定的忠实解释的能力将受到限制,最终限制了我们可以通过神经网络解释来实现的。在这项工作中,我们提供了证据表明,人类知识是由alphapero神经网络获得的,因为它在国际象棋游戏中列车。通过探究广泛的人类象棋概念,我们在alphazero网络中显示了这些概念的时间和地点。我们还提供了一种关注开放游戏的行为分析,包括来自国际象棋Grandmaster Vladimir Kramnik的定性分析。最后,我们开展了初步调查,观察alphazero的表现的低级细节,并在线提供由此产生的行为和代表性分析。
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As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes a prominent part of modern life, AI literacy is becoming important for all citizens, not just those in technology careers. Previous research in AI education materials has largely focused on the introduction of terminology as well as AI use cases and ethics, but few allow students to learn by creating their own machine learning models. Therefore, there is a need for enriching AI educational tools with more adaptable and flexible platforms for interested educators with any level of technical experience to utilize within their teaching material. As such, we propose the development of an open-source tool (Build-a-Bot) for students and teachers to not only create their own transformer-based chatbots based on their own course material, but also learn the fundamentals of AI through the model creation process. The primary concern of this paper is the creation of an interface for students to learn the principles of artificial intelligence by using a natural language pipeline to train a customized model to answer questions based on their own school curriculums. The model uses contexts given by their instructor, such as chapters of a textbook, to answer questions and is deployed on an interactive chatbot/voice agent. The pipeline teaches students data collection, data augmentation, intent recognition, and question answering by having them work through each of these processes while creating their AI agent, diverging from previous chatbot work where students and teachers use the bots as black-boxes with no abilities for customization or the bots lack AI capabilities, with the majority of dialogue scripts being rule-based. In addition, our tool is designed to make each step of this pipeline intuitive for students at a middle-school level. Further work primarily lies in providing our tool to schools and seeking student and teacher evaluations.
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我们介绍了一种新的算法,基于回归的监督学习(RSL),用于每个实例神经网络(NN)为经典计划问题定义的启发式功能。RSL使用回归来选择与目标不同距离的相关状态集。然后,RSL制定了一个监督的学习问题,以获取定义NN启发式的参数,并使用标记为目标状态的精确或估计距离的选定状态。我们的实验研究表明,RSL在覆盖范围内优于先前的经典计划NN启发式功能,同时需要减少两个数量级的训练时间。
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This paper considers doing quantile regression on censored data using neural networks (NNs). This adds to the survival analysis toolkit by allowing direct prediction of the target variable, along with a distribution-free characterisation of uncertainty, using a flexible function approximator. We begin by showing how an algorithm popular in linear models can be applied to NNs. However, the resulting procedure is inefficient, requiring sequential optimisation of an individual NN at each desired quantile. Our major contribution is a novel algorithm that simultaneously optimises a grid of quantiles output by a single NN. To offer theoretical insight into our algorithm, we show firstly that it can be interpreted as a form of expectation-maximisation, and secondly that it exhibits a desirable `self-correcting' property. Experimentally, the algorithm produces quantiles that are better calibrated than existing methods on 10 out of 12 real datasets.
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排名和分数是判断使用的两个常见数据类型,以表达对象集合中对质量的偏好和/或质量的看法。存在许多模型以单独研究每种类型的数据,但没有统一的统计模型同时捕获两个数据类型,而不首先执行数据转换。我们提出了Mallows-Binomial模型来缩短这种差距,它通过量化的参数来与二项式分数模型相结合,这些差距通过量化的参数来量化对象质量,共识等级和法官之间的共识水平。我们提出了一种有效的树搜索算法来计算模型参数的精确MLE,分析和通过模拟研究模型的统计特性,并通过模拟将我们的模型应用于来自授予面板审查的实例,从而将其分数和部分排名的拨款。 。此外,我们展示了如何使用模型输出来排序对象的信心。拟议的模型被证明是从分数和排名中明智地结合信息,以量化对象质量并衡量具有适当统计不确定性的相互达成的共识。
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人类开发人员可以使用网络安全缺陷生产代码。可以新兴'智能'代码完成工具有助于修复这些缺点吗?在这项工作中,我们研究了对零拍摄漏洞修复的代码(如Openai的Codex和AI21的侏罗纪J-1)使用大型语言模型(如Openai的Codex和AI21的J-1)。我们调查设计方面的挑战,提示将Coax LLMS进入生成不安全代码的修复版本。由于许多方法来短语和句法 - 具有自然语言,这很困难。通过对四个商业,黑盒子,“现成的”典型的模型进行大规模研究,以及局部训练的模型,在合成,手工制作和现实世界的安全错误场景的混合中,我们的实验表明,LLMS可以共同修复100%的综合生成和手工制作的情景,以及58%的脆弱性,在真实的开源项目中的历史错误中选择。
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本研究提出了一种通过将印刷层的图像与基于G代码的参考图像与搅拌器产生的理想过程的参考图像进行比较来检测3D打印异常的开源方法。通过分析局部图像区域的导向梯度(HOG)直方图的相似性来实现对视觉偏差的认识。开发技术需要初步建模工作环境,以实现最佳方向,色彩渲染,照明和印刷部分的其他参数。算法的输出是印刷和合成参考层之间的不匹配水平。实现了12个相似性和距离措施,并在检测六种不同代表性故障类型及其控制无差错打印图像上检测3D打印误差时的有效性。结果表明,虽然Kendall Tau,Jaccard和Sorensen相似之处是最敏感,Pearson R,Spearman Rho,余弦,骰子相似性产生更可靠的结果。该开源方法允许该程序注意其发生的早期阶段中的严重错误,并且暂停制造过程,以便通过操作员或将来的AI控制的自动纠错进一步调查。这种新方法的实施不需要训练的初步数据,并且可以通过相同几何形状的添加剂或减法制造来实现最大的效率。可以得出结论,这种开源方法是使用复杂原料以及其他具有挑战性的制造环境来实现适应性制造的智能分布回收的有希望的方法。
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在设计基于AI的系统中,有蓬勃发展的兴趣,以帮助人类设计计算系统,包括自动生成计算机代码的工具。这些最值得注意的是,以第一个自我描述的“Ai对程序员”,GitHub Copilot,一种在开源GitHub代码上培训的语言模型。但是,代码通常包含错误 - 因此,鉴于Copilot处理的大量未曝避代码,肯定是语言模型将从可利用的错误代码中学到。这提出了对Copilot代码捐助的安全的担忧。在这项工作中,我们系统地调查了可能导致Github CopIlot推荐不安全代码的普遍存在和条件。为了执行此分析,我们提示CopIlot在与高风险CWE相关的方案中生成代码(例如,从吉利的“前25名”列表中的方案)。我们探索了三个不同代码生成轴上的Copilot的表现 - 检查它如何表现为特定的弱点多样性,提示的多样性以及域的多样性。总共生产89个不同的Copilot方案,以完成,生产1,689个计划。其中,我们发现大约40%的脆弱。
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本文介绍了一种扮演流行的第一人称射击(FPS)视频游戏的AI代理商的AI代理商;来自像素输入的全球攻势(CSGO)。代理人,一个深度神经网络,符合Deathmatch游戏模式内置AI内置AI的媒体难度的性能,同时采用人类的戏剧风格。与在游戏中的许多事先工作不同,CSGO没有API,因此算法必须培训并实时运行。这限制了可以生成的策略数据的数量,妨碍许多增强学习算法。我们的解决方案使用行为克隆 - 在从在线服务器上的人类播放(400万帧,大小与Imagenet相当的400万帧)上刮出的大型嘈杂数据集的行为克隆训练,以及一个较小的高质量专家演示数据集。这种比例是比FPS游戏中的模仿学习的先前工作的数量级。
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A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.
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